Essay on Impact of Technology on Society - 941 Words

Technology is continuously developing and has begun creating shortcuts for the American society. As a society we need to find a balance between our technological use and our everyday life. In my opinion, society has become too dependent on technology. The more advanced technology becomes, the more it seems to be gaining control over our lives. Even though technology is offering society many beneficial qualities; it also is causing many negative effects to occur. Technology is affecting society socially, mentally, and physically. One point addressed throughout each article was how technology has affected society socially. Technology has contributed to society’s lack of social skills, social interaction, and has allowed many of us to†¦show more content†¦They no longer have to think for themselves, find solutions to problems, or even learn basic skills. Technology has become their solution to all of their problems. Technology has provided society with many tools to help make life easier. Writer and futurist, Bruce Sterling, references this point when he addresses the Leatherman Tool and the Apple iPhone. Sterling addresses how the Apple iPhone has become a tool that has many different beneficial functions. Sterling says, â€Å"Like all digital technologies, the iPhone has yet to achieve [the physical qualities of the Leatherman but,] it makes up for this with its cannibal appetite for other tools.† He also stated, â€Å"iPhones devour other tools, which digests them into virtualized app lication services: phone, camera, e-mail, Web browser, text-messaging, music and video players, whole planet-girdling sets of urban Google maps, house keys, pedometer, TV remote, seismometer, Breathalyzer, alarm clock, video games, radio, bar-code scanner †¦ the target list grows by the day† (Sterling). These tools are the main reasons our society has lost the need and desire for critical thinkers. These tools have also had many other profound effects on our society. These different technological tools have also contributed to the forming of an illiterate society. Hal Crowther, well-known essayist, writes: Entrance exams administered by ACT Inc. establish that half the students now entering collegeShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Society : Impact Of Technology On Society1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Technology has impacted people, businesses and society as a whole. The roles that technology has played on communication, business and education have been more than impactful. As the power of computers continue to increase with help from databases, social networking and businesses, it adds an increase to office productivity compared to using typewriters, and filing cabinets. Although there are plenty of good things about technology, the way we use it determines if it impacts are positiveRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society : Technology1281 Words   |  6 PagesImpact Of Technology On Society Technology, without a doubt has an impact on society. 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Risk Management For Darling Harbour Water Feature

49006- Risk Management in Engineering Risk Management Plan for Darling Harbour water feature Omar Aleassa Autumn 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................1 Risk Assessment Process....................................................................................2 1 Introduction......................................................................................................5 1.1 Project Information.............................................................................5 2 Establishing the Context and Setting Objectives.........................................7 2.1 Stakeholders.........................................................................................9 2.2 Roles and Responsibilities...................................................................10 2.3 Identify the Risks..................................................................................11 3 Analyse the Risks...............................................................................................11 4 Likelihood............................................................................................................12 4.1 Level of Risk: Likelihood X Consequence..........................................14 5 Evaluate the Risks..............................................................................................15 6 Treating theShow MoreRelatedMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesGovernance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I V E Nucor in 2005 C A S E S I X News Corp in 2005: Consolidating the DirecTV acquisition C A S E S E V E N Shanghai Volkswagen: Implementing project management in the electrical engineering division C A S E E I G H T Television New Zealand: Balancing between commercial and social objectives C A S E N I N E From greenï ¬ eld to graduates: University of the Sunshine Coast C A S E T E N Whole Foods Market, 2005:Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pages Maytag, Nike, Dell Preface †¢ v TARGETED COURSES As a supplemental text, this book can be used in a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses. These range from introduction to marketing/marketing principles to courses in marketing management and strategic marketing. It can also be used as a text in international marketing courses. Retailing, entrepreneurship, and ethics courses could use a number of these cases and their learning insights. It can certainly be used in training programs

Film Summary The Help Essay Example For Students

Film Summary The Help Essay Imagine being denied your civil rights? The civil rights movement in the 1960s reached heights. African Americans had experienced all aspects of discrimination in their lives. They were no longer slaves but defiantly not equal citizens. We can see in this time of racism in the southern America through the film the help. The help directed by Tate Taylor the characters Hilly, Skeeter, Celia and Charlotte all show us their different views of racism living in the southern Mississippi Jackson. Techniques such as dialogue, camera angles, costuming and lighting all show this. The civil rights was at the forefronts of people’s minds with the African Americans and whites being fully separated most of the southerners agreed with this and agreed with the Jim Crow laws in place. Segregation was an attempt by the white southerners to separate the African Americans and white race in all parts of life and to achieve supremacy over blacks. They specified certain places for â€Å"whites only† and then â€Å"colored† rooms. African Americans had separate schools, restaurants, parks, transportation and bathrooms. In the film the help we see that there is a lot of separation between the African Americans and whites. We will write a custom essay on Film Summary The Help specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now An example of an extremely racist character is Hilly Holbrook she is a very racist, determined, selfish and vain character who only cares about her social status and keeping the whites and African Americans apart. Hilly is trying to create a white supremacy town. We see a mid-shot with a slight low angle in the film which shows hilly in her bathroom marking her toilet paper. Hilly does this to see if her maid Minny is using her toilet. This is an example of how Hilly wants both races to be separate and shows us how racist she is towards her African maid and other maids in general. We can see in this shot that the low angle makes Hilly look in power and that shows us the kind of character Hilly is throughout the film. The director’s purpose of Hilly’s character is to show the villan of the story Hilly is a bossy character and always screams at her maid Minny. Hilly thinks she’s always right and doesn’t care who hears her opinion an example of this is when Hilly talks about getting separate bathrooms at the white’s houses for the maids and says it right in front of Aibileen. Hilly continues being racist right in front of her. Hilly’s story revolves around her attempts to pass a bill called The Home Help Sanitation Initiative. Hilly is determined to ensure all Mississippi families will build outdoor bathrooms for their maids. Hilly seems to believe that the African American people of Mississippi carry diseases which will harm the white people. A quote shows this when she says â€Å"Everybody knows they carry different diseases then we do. That’s exactly why I have designed the Home Help Initiative as a disease prevention measure, a bill that requires white homes to have a separate bathroom for the colored help. Hilly is such a racist nasty character in this film and it is shown through the way she tries to separate the colored and whites and chooses to be racist right in front of the maids themselves. Charlotte Skeeters mother is the opposite to her daughter Skeeter. Skeeter is a naive, honest, independent successful women where as her mother is more up spoken, harsh and racist. Charlotte fired her maid Constantine under the influence of the DAK ladies; they made a comment that Constantine was too old and that something needed to be done about that and therefore she fired her maid in of them so they got what they wanted. .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 , .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 .postImageUrl , .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 , .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4:hover , .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4:visited , .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4:active { border:0!important; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4:active , .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4 .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90755b30c42dd413a366b42e21a462a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Archetypes in Star Wars EssayThis exposes the depths of charlottes racial prejudice. Her racial prejudice gets extreme after firing her maid who raised her daughter Skeeter and we could see the love that Charlotte and her family had for Constantine she wouldn’t have fired her if those ladies hadn’t been there. This shows how the influence on others can become a part of the way you think and make you be someone you are not. We see at the end of the film she begins to realize and see that things aren’t right in her community. We see this when she stands up for Skeeter to Hilly There are characters in this film that do not separate the African Americans and themselves. They treat everyone equal and see how they deserve to be treated the same and fairly. We have Celia Foote a character who hires Minny and treats her like she should be. When she hires Minny she becomes very happy and loves having Minny around and Minny then becomes a mother figure to her. Shows her how to cook and clean and helps through many hard times she faces. The rules are that the whites and African Americans must be separate Celia rebels against this and shows she is against the segregation laws. When Minny is eating her lunch Celia insists with sitting with her even when Minny tells her that it’s not okay. Celia will not let this segregation get in the way and this shows how show is an anti-segregation character compared to hilly who is very racist and for the coloured and whites to be separated. Near the end of the film we see Celia cook a meal for Minny after Minny has shown her how to cook and teaches her heaps. Celia does this to thank Minny for everything she has done. This shows us how Celia and Minny have a strong friendship even though they are a different race they haven’t let this affect them. Celia tells Minny â€Å"you have a job for the rest of your life† this shows us how Celia feels about Minny and shows us once again how she is against any segregation and disagrees strongly on it. Celia rebelling against the laws when she makes the meal for Minny, it is against the law to make a meal for a maid or do something respectful for them.

Purchasing A Small Business Essays - Corporate Finance,

Purchasing a Small Business Purchasing a Small Business Outline I. Deciding to buy A. Why buy a small business? B. Starting out-the nine steps C. Initial details to consider 1. Are partners needed? 2. Economic factors 3. Is the location acceptable? 4. Tax strategy II. Where to start A. How much income is needed? B. The "Thirteen Steps" to acquiring a business III. Locating a potential purchase A. The Acquisition Plan B. Beginning the search-who can help? III. Negotiating a purchase price A. Valuation of a small business 1. Why do a valuation? 2. Choosing the method that is best for your situation 3. Some different methods of valuing a business a. Ability-To-Pay Method b. Discounted Cash Flow Method c. Excess Earnings Method B. Calculating goodwill C. Setting the purchase price D. The letter of intent IV. Finding the initial capital A. Sources of financing 1. Traditional sources 2. Nontraditional sources B. Guaranteed loan programs V. Closing the deal 1. Get a lawyer 2. Audit review 3. The closing VI. The rewards of working for yourself The decision to purchase a business of your own is not an easy task. There are many things to consider before the final decision is made. First of all, exactly what do you want to accomplish? To make millions of dollars, right? Or is it to have the freedom of being your own boss? Whatever the reason, you must be sure that it is something that you are ready to devote an exorbitant amount of time and energy into and that it is something that you really want. Otherwise, you might be stuck doing something that you hate. If you are ready to commit then you must ask yourself just how far will that commitment extend. How much of your own time, energy, and money are you willing to sacrifice? After the decision is made, the acquisition of a small business can be summed-up into nine steps, in which most will be elaborated upon later. "These are the nine steps to any business acquisition, regardless of its size or industry: 1. The search, locating a business available for sale. 2. Identifying alternative candidates. 3. Valuing the business. 4. Negotiating a price and terms. 5. Investigating the company. 6. Preparing the business plan. 7. Sourcing the financing. 8. Preparing the closing documents. 9. Managing the transition period." (Tuller, 10) Some considerations that cannot be avoided when purchasing a small business include: the question of needing a partner, the current economic factors, considering alternate locations, and developing a tax strategy. When debating whether or not a partner is needed or wanted, you need to know if you're going to need additional equity as well as sharing the risk of failure. For these reasons, a partnership seems to be a great idea, but there are also many cons that should be recognized. Having too many partners can alter the ease of decision-making, shared liability can cause obvious problems, and sharing profits means less for you. Added to this, getting out of a partnership can be very difficult. Evaluating the current economic factors simply means to know what you are getting into. Be sure to have some knowledge about the business itself and it's market. Know how to make and sell the product efficiently and in a service industry, be sure to know the current and correct way things are done-sometimes they are not one in the same. Location is key. "Location of the target can be a major determinate in both the financing of the deal and probable success in managing the business after closing.There's no sense spending time, effort, and money on a target located in the wrong place." (Tuller, 12) Along with this, the personal strife of having to travel a great distance to get to work can be very frustrating. So, be sure that the location of your potential business is profitable in every way. One the greatest minds of the 20th century, Albert Einstein, once said, "tax is the most difficult thing in the world to understand". Unfortunately, with the ever-changing laws, that problem gets worse every year. This means that you should have knowledge of the current tax laws. "'You will have a unique opportunity to make decisions on exactly how much money will change hands, and how I will allocated on the payment schedule."(Smorgenburg, 112) Maximizing profit for both you and the seller can only be done through proper knowledge of tax law, if you are not comfortable handling this alone, a consultant might not bad a bad idea. After all of the above is settled, the next thing to figure is the amount of initial income is required. Not only the income required to purchase the entity (which will be elaborated upon later), but also the amount of money that you need to survive for the years to

Probabilities and Liars Dice

Probabilities and Liars Dice Many games of chance can be analyzed using the mathematics of probability. In this article, we will examine various aspects of the game called Liar’s Dice. After describing this game, we will calculate probabilities related to it. A Brief Description of Liar’s Dice The game of Liar’s Dice is actually a family of games involving bluffing and deception. There are a number of variants of this game, and it goes by several different names such as Pirate’s Dice, Deception, and Dudo. A version of this game was featured in the movie Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest. In the version of the game that we will examine, each player has a cup and a set of the same number of dice. The dice are standard, six-sided dice that are numbered from one to six. Everyone rolls their dice, keeping them covered by the cup. At the appropriate time, a player looks at his set of dice, keeping them hidden from everyone else.   The game is designed so that each player has perfect knowledge of his own set of dice, but has no knowledge about the other dice that have been rolled. After everyone has had an opportunity to look at their dice that were rolled, bidding commences. On each turn a player has two choices: make a higher bid or call the previous bid a lie. Bids can be made higher by bidding a higher dice value from one to six, or by bidding a greater number of the same dice value. For example, a bid of â€Å"Three twos† could be increased by stating â€Å"Four twos.† It could also be increased by saying â€Å"Three threes.† In general, neither the number of dice nor the values of the dice can decrease. Since most of the dice are hidden from view, it is important to know how to calculate some probabilities. By knowing this is it easier to see what bids are likely to be true, and what ones are likely to be lies. Expected Value The first consideration is to ask, â€Å"How many dice of the same kind would we expect?† For example, if we roll five dice, how many of these would we expect to be a two? The answer to this question uses the idea of expected value. The expected value of a random variable is the probability of a particular value, multiplied by this value. The probability that the first die is a two is 1/6. Since the dice are independent of one another, the probability that any of them is a two is 1/6. This means that the expected number of twos rolled is 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 5/6. Of course, there is nothing special about the result of two. Neither is there anything special about the number of dice that we considered. If we rolled n dice, then the expected number of any of the six possible outcomes is n/6. This number is good to know because it gives us a baseline to use when questioning bids made by others. For example, if we are playing liars dice with six dice, the expected value of any of the values 1 through 6 is 6/6 1.   This means that we should be skeptical if someone bids more than one of any value.   In the long run, we would average one of each of the possible values. Example of Rolling Exactly Suppose that we roll five dice and we want to find the probability of rolling two threes. The probability that a die is a three is 1/6. The probability that a die is not three is 5/6. Rolls of these dice are independent events, and so we multiply the probabilities together using the multiplication rule. The probability that the first two dice are threes and the other dice are not threes is given by the following product: (1/6) x (1/6) x (5/6) x (5/6) x (5/6) The first two dice being threes is is just one possibility. The dice that are threes could be any two of the five dice that we roll. We denote a die that is not a three by a *. The following are possible ways to have two threes out of five rolls: 3, 3, * , * ,*3, * , 3, * ,*3, * , * ,3 ,*3, * , * , *, 3*, 3, 3, * , **, 3, *, 3, **, 3, * , *, 3*, *, 3, 3, **, *, 3, *, 3*, *, *, 3, 3 We see that there are ten ways to roll exactly two threes out of five dice. We now multiply our probability above by the 10 ways that we can have this configuration of dice. The result is 10 x(1/6) x (1/6) x (5/6) x (5/6) x (5/6) 1250/7776. This is approximately 16%. General Case We now generalize the above example. We consider the probability of rolling n dice and obtaining exactly k that are of a certain value. Just as before, the probability of rolling the number that we want is 1/6. The probability of not rolling this number is given by the complement rule as 5/6. We want k of our dice to be the selected number. This means that n - k are a number other than the one we want. The probability of the first k dice being a certain number with the other dice, not this number is: (1/6)k(5/6)n - k It would be tedious, not to mention time-consuming, to list all possible ways to roll a particular configuration of dice. That is why it is better to use our counting principles. Through these strategies, we see that we are counting combinations. There are C(n, k) ways to roll k of a certain kind of dice out of n dice. This number is given by the formula n!/(k!(n - k)!) Putting everything together, we see that when we roll n dice, the probability that exactly k of them are a particular number is given by the formula: [n!/(k!(n - k)!)] (1/6)k(5/6)n - k There is another way to consider this type of problem. This involves the binomial distribution with probability of success given by p 1/6. The formula for exactly k of these dice being a certain number is known as the probability mass function for the binomial distribution. Probability of at Least Another situation that we should consider is the probability of rolling at least a certain number of a particular value. For example, when we roll five dice what is the probability of rolling at least three ones? We could roll three ones, four ones or five ones. To determine the probability we want to find, we add together three probabilities. Table of Probabilities Below we have a table of probabilities for obtaining exactly k of a certain value when we roll five dice. Number of Dice k Probability of Rolling Exactly k Dice of a Particular Number 0 0.401877572 1 0.401877572 2 0.160751029 3 0.032150206 4 0.003215021 5 0.000128601 Next, we consider the following table. It gives the probability of rolling at least a certain number of a value when we roll a total of five dice. We see that although it is very likely to roll at least one 2, it is not as likely to roll at least four 2s.   Number of Dice k Probability of Rolling at Least k Dice of a Particular Number 0 1 1 0.598122428 2 0.196244856 3 0.035493827 4 0.00334362 5 0.000128601

Aerial, Areal, and Ariel

Aerial, Areal, and Ariel Aerial, Areal, and Ariel Aerial, Areal, and Ariel By Maeve Maddox The word aerial has long been in common usage as an adjective to describe things having to do with the sky and atmosphere. Although documented in English as early as the 1670s, the word areal is fairly new in popular usage. The first time I encountered it, my misspelling detector tingled, but I soon realized that it could have nothing to do with the air because it was being used to describe such things as computer memory and flooding. Aerial has to do with air, but areal has to do with area. aerial: adj. relating to the air or atmosphere. From Latin aerius airy, from Greek aerios of the air. As a noun, an aerial is a wire, rod or other structure by which airborne radio waves are transmitted or received. Aerial View of Oil Leak Shows Size Branching of Aerial Roots in Aranda Orchids Air Power: World War I Aerial Combat areal: adj. of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, an area. Linguistics: of, pertaining, or relating to the comparative study of languages or dialects in terms of geographical distribution and contact rather than historical development. Areal Flood Watch in Force Effects of pulse duration and areal density on ultrathin foil acceleration Evidentials and Areal Typology: A Case Study from Amazonia In computer speak, areal density is defined by PC Magazine as The number of bits per square inch of storage surface. It typically refers to disk drives, where the number of bits per inch (bpi) times the number of tracks per inch (tpi) yields the areal density. In meteorology, areal flooding differs from flash flooding in that it covers a larger area and is of longer duration. Ariel Like aerial, the name Ariel is related to air. An early meaning of the noun aerial was a creature or spirit of the air. The 1800 reference in the OED tells us that some aerials have feathers, like pigeons, and others have wings of skin, like bats. Long before the 1989 Disney movie in which Ariel is the name of a mermaid, writers were using the name for supernatural creatures. The sprite in Shakespeares The Tempest is named Ariel. Milton made his Ariel into an evil angel. Alexander Popes mock epic The Rape of the Lock is narrated by a playful spirit named Ariel. For a very long list of real people, places, and fictional characters all named Ariel, see the Wikipedia article with the title Ariel. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?

EU Regulatory Directives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EU Regulatory Directives - Essay Example The directive covers ten categories of electronic and electrical equipment which may be sold within the EU and abroad. Townsend (2011, p. 587) illustrates that the compatibilities which electronic and electrical equipment must comply with include designing equipment during the production process in a manner which facilitates reuse, repair, recycling and disassembly. This compatibility is guided by the WEEE’s principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). The major goal of the directive is described by Vaisvila and Vaicikonis (2006, p. 43) as the minimization of the disposal of unsorted municipal refuse or waste and thus facilitate the achievement of a separated WEEE collection. Additionally the directive provides that the management systems within electrical and electronic industries must be designed and organized both in individual basis and collectively so that the directive is not violated by these industries. Hidy, et al. (2011, p. 990) add that apart for provision o f recycling and recovery targets, the WEE directives provides that export of electronic and electrical equipment can only be achieved through compliance with the WEEE directive. Furthermore the directive provides that manufacturers of this equipment must take responsibility for the costs associated with the picking of waste from the collection centers and also for the processes of refurbishing the equipment in readiness for reuse or recycling. Quinnell (2005, p. 71) explains that the large appliances which are used in households such as washing machines and refrigerators are covered by the WEEE directive. Small appliances such as hair dryers, vacuum cleaners and toasters are also provided for. Moreover, IT equipment such as computers and their accessories, calculators and mobile phones are covered by the WEEE directive. The disposal of stereos, radios and TVs are also covered under the consumer equipment category. Other equipment covered by the directive include toys and leisure equ ipment, lighting equipment, electronic and electrical goods such as saws and drills, medical and monitoring devices and appliances. Moreover the WEEE directive covers automatic dispensers such as coffee dispensers within its regulations as illustrated by Townsend (2011, p. 605). This means that the manufacture and dealing in these categories of equipment within the European Union must adhere to the WEE directives as it is provided within the European law. Enforcing the WEE Directive within the UK Yoshida and Yoshida (2010, 21) points out that the member states within the European Union are responsible for enforcing the WEEE directive. This means that the European Union member states are mandated to enforce the directive within their boundaries. Hidy, et al. (2011, p. 994) explain that the enforcement of the directive is achieved through the adoption of effective monitoring and inspection systems. These systems must be implemented by the member countries and thus applied in ensuring that manufactures and exporters of electrical and electronic appliances meet the requirement of the directive. Additionally, the member states of the union are responsible for imposition and execution of penalties on producers and retailers who fail to comply with the legal provisions of the WEEE directive. WEE Within the USA According to Hristev (2006, p. 62), within the US the enforcement o

Malaria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Malaria - Essay Example In actual fact, Malaria is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world and more especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, it is an indication that the tools available for malaria control are neither adequate nor good enough for the prevention. Therefore, participating in malaria clinical trial will help in finding a permanent solution for this disease as together with other researchers we try to find curative and preventive drugs and vaccines for malaria. Additionally, by getting involved in malaria clinical trial I will be able to have a chance to propagate and advocate a malaria vaccine and make it available for routine use. Moreover, I will be able to offer my own ideas and notions about this terrible disease as well as get to know qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection purposes especially in Africa. This will help to know how endemic is this disease and also facilitate in finding a malaria vaccine which will be more efficacio us than the malaria drug which has been used from time immemorial as a malaria control tool. To be precise it is clearly known that malaria is a tropical disease and is spread by female Anopheles mosquitos which are infected by a plasmodium parasite. Therefore, this plasmodium falcipavum malaria causes millions of clinical episodes globally but mostly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria involves diseases such as shaking chills and high fevers among others. In countries like Ghana malaria claims so many lives of children and in 2008 only there were numerous deaths of children under the age of twelve years. Malaria can leads to cerebral malaria and anemia if not well controlled (Isle, 2001). Many strategies and measures have been taken to combat malaria; rapid diagnosis, treatment, intermittent preventive treatment especially given to pregnant women, use of sulphadoxine- pyrimethamine insecticide treated nets and introduction of sprays and mosquito repellant lotions. All these have been known to reduce morbidity and mortality, but this does not mean that there are no challenges. For instance, if mosquito nets are not used effectively people will still continue to die. For example, the nets may have a hole and used badly, some of the therapies are also facing resistance in some countries. These include Artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) which is facing challenges of resistance in Thailand especially in Cambodian border. Therefore, going back to research more on how to eradicate malaria is very essential. Hence my participation in a clinical trial will not be propagation for new effective and appropriate drugs but to try and convince the researchers to focus on a vaccine and not a drug. Truly, vaccine has worked effectively for so many years’ records, and history has it that the vaccine has a great ability to protect humanity from diseases. Precisely, a vaccine has helped so much in combating smallpox, fighting polio and making the measles and yellow fever very rare (Dziedizc, 2010).. Therefore, vaccine can do so much more for public health, and I have a great conviction that malaria vaccines

Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Psychological Disorders Essay This paper aims to discuss three psychological disorders along with its primary symptoms and usual signs of trouble linked with the disorders. It also intends to state why it is important to be aware of these symptoms. The first one is categorized as â€Å"mood disorders† (Types of Psychological Disorders, n. d. , n. p. ). The primary symptoms exhibited here include: strong/severe and insistent feelings (Types of Psychological Disorders, n. d. , n. p. ). Furthermore, one of its subcategories known as â€Å"Bipolar Disorder† show the following signs: 1) if an individual is in a positive mode, he or she is extremely energetic; 2) but if she or he is depressed, his or her self-esteem tends to fall so low to the point of contemplating on suicide; 3) he or she may also â€Å"become engaged in too much eating, drinking, sexual activities, etcetera† (Types of Psychological Disorders, n. d. , n. p. ). With this psychological disorder, it is important to be aware of the symptoms because there are other mood disorders which also exhibit some of the symptoms/signs linked with â€Å"Bipolar Disorder†. The second is known as â€Å"personality disorders† (Franklin, 1999, n. p. ). One of its sub-categories is named â€Å"anti-social personality disorder† wherein the primary symptom exhibited is disobeying rules (Franklin, 1999, n. p. ). The usual sign linked with this, on the other hand, is â€Å"lying† and the worse is that it is carried out just for fun (Franklin, 1999, n. p. ). Last but not least is â€Å"anxiety disorders† (Franklin, 1999, n. p. ). One of its subcategories is known as â€Å"phobia† which exhibits the following primary symptoms: â€Å"tight feelings of fear† (Types of Psychological Disorders, n. . , n. p. ). The usual sign linked with it is when a person is too scared even if his or her extreme fear is unreasonable (Ticao, 2001, p. 358). On a final note, with these psychological disorders, it is important to be aware of the symptoms because there are other mood, personality, and anxiety disorders which also exhibit some of the symptoms/signs linked with â€Å"Bipolar Disorder†, â€Å"anti-social personality disorder†, and phobia, respectively.

Theodore Dreiser Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

Theodore Dreiser Theodore Dreiser was born August 27, 1871 in Terre Haute, Indiana. The younger brother of Paul Dresser, a well-known songwriter, Theodore was a famous novelist known for his outstanding American writing of naturalism. He was also a leading figure in a national literary movement that replaced the observance of Victorian notions of propriety with the unflinching presentation of real-life subject matter. Even though a majority of his works were about his life experiences, he also wrote about new social problems that had risen in American at the time as well as things sexual in nature. Dreiser was born the ninth of ten surviving children in a family that was stricken with life-long poverty. His father was a German immigrant that was mostly an unemployed mill worker with a strict attitude because of his narrow Roman Catholic belief. His mother had a Czech Mennonite background and she was a fair lady that was always compassionate to her son. Because of the family’s severe degree of poverty, they moved frequently between small Indiana towns and Chicago in search of a better cost of living. Dreiser did not have much of an education in his lifetime. He attended parochial and public schools including a year at Indiana University in 1889-1890 throughout his academic years. He began his career as a newspaper reporter in Chicago in 1892 before working his way to the East Coast. While living on the East Coast in 1894, Dreiser found a job working for a Pittsburgh newspaper. In the same year, he move to New York City and started working for several newspapers and magazines. Dreiser would soon meet a woman named Sara White and they would get married in 1898. The marriage did not last that long due to his roving affections and resulting infidelities causing their divorce in 1912. Dreiser began writing his first novel, Sister Carrie, in 1899 at the suggestion of a newspaper colleague. Doubleday, Page and Company published the novel the following year, than ks in part to the great enthusiasm of the firm’s novelist, Frank Norris. The story line of the novel was about a young kept woman whose "immortality" goes unpunished. The publisher was not fond of the story line and decided to limit the book’s advertising. Because of the limited advertising, the book sold only 465 copies and Dreiser made less than $100 dollars on the deal. In 1890, the dis... ...erty level. He always spoke and wrote of his mother being affectionate and caring at all times. Theodore Dreiser was born in Terre Haute and lived in Indiana until the age of eighteen. He was born into a family that was stricken with poverty and he had little hope of making it big in the real world. Dreiser did not have much of an education nor any experience in writing. Through hard work and dedication, he ended getting a job in Chicago for a newspaper and then moving to New York a few years later. In New York, Dreiser also got many jobs for magazines and newspapers. While living in the city, he wrote a majority of his famous works. Dreiser’s most famous works were Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy. In 1938, he moved to Los Angeles with his mistress, Helen Richardson. Dreiser continued on writing literary works until his death in 1945. Theodore Dreiser was a well-known novelist and a great man as well as a historic member of the Terre Haute area. Bibliography Bibliography Gerber, Phillip. Theodore Dreiser, Chicago, Woodford Publishing., 1986, pp. 34-75 Warren, Robert Penn. Homage to Theodore Dreiser: His World and His Novels, New York, Coleman Publishing., 1975, pp. 82-140

Why People Commit Crime

Tyler Hertz CRJ 308 10. 28. 2012 Why People Commit Crime How do people define crime? Some might define crime as an act of offence towards the morality of humans. Others might regard crime as an act that harms the universal human rights. In my perspectives, I think that crime is an offence made towards the law. Therefore, why do people still commit crimes? There are many reasons why people may commit crimes and it depends on the type of person they are. Many people will commit a crime everyday whether it be speeding, J-walking, or in some cases, theft and murder.Some crimes are easy to commit and that’s why I think people commit them. I also, refer to the Routine Activities theory. This theory, I believe, does a great job on explaining why people commit most crimes. It says that in order for a crime to be committed three things must have to occur and those being; a motivated offender, lack of a capable guardian, and suitable target. Why I think this does a good job in explain w hy people commit a crime is because it goes into detail about all aspects that involve a crime taking place.Take speeding for example, a person who is in a hurry will speed; this makes them the motivated offender. Next, for this crime to take place there must be a suitable target and this could be any road that is not congested by traffic. Last, we have the lack of a capable guardian and this is an obvious one, it would be not visible Law Enforcement officers on the highway. If all these are possible a person can and most likely will speed. Speeding is not really considered by most to be a really crime but, more of a criminal act.I just wanted to show how that theory can explain most types of crimes and it will work even for other crimes. I believe there is a huge difference between a crime and a criminal act. I believe a crime to be something that causes harm to others. Speeding, although can, does not usually cause any harm to others, this is what I consider a criminal act. A crim e would be something like assault or theft. Theft does not cause physical harm but, finaical and emotional harm to the victims. Why do people do it?Another reason I believe people commit crimes is because of greed. Greed is the wanting to lead a luxurious life or even to own something that is beyond one’s financial budget. For example, a person of moderate income would like to own an expensive plasma television which the price is beyond his budget. However, his greed prompts him to own that item by either stealing money to purchase it or to steal the item itself. When the person gets caught by any law enforcer, the person will be charged in court for committing a crime.To steal to fulfill one’s desire to own an item which one understands that it is beyond his financial budget is committing a crime by the cause of greed. This, in my view, shows that people commit crimes for selfish reason. In conclusion, I believe that most people will commit a crime either because they can and it is easy or because they have the selfish vision of living a life they cannot afford to live so they will do anything they can to achieve it, even if that means breaking the law and causing harm to others.

Parents Support Group Agenda

MINUTES OF PSG MEETING 27TH SEPTEMBER At A. P. I. S. KINDERGARTEN AGENDA Welcome Barbeque International Day Spare school uniform clothes Road safety for children at Kindergarten Forming of a proper PSG committee Quarterly social event for parents Christmas tree lights- Main Campus The meeting began at 2:30pm. The main item was the planned â€Å"Welcome Barbeque† for everyone new to the A. P. I. S. family. The Barbeque is set for the 14th October, just prior to the end of the first semester. Tim Brackley explained that this was the only available date and apologised for the short lead in time left to parents.However, we will receive a lot of support and assistance from the school and Khun Bua, as this is our first big event. A start time of 3:0pm was agreed with an approximate finish to the day of 6:30pm. The venue will be the main school campus around the pool area and people should bring their swimsuits if they would like to use the school’s swimming pool. It was discu ssed and agreed, that the food should be available between 4-5 pm. The menu is Kebabs, BBQ Chicken, salad, Som Tum, Sticky rice, fruit and complimentary water.The cost of this was explained as 150bht per adult and 90bht per child less than 12 years of age. No alcohol is permitted on the school campus and therefore it was felt that, everyone should bring their own soft drinks for the day. (I. e. Coke, Fanta, Sprite etc;) It was suggested that teachers living on campus and student boarders could enjoy the BBQ as their evening meal and that cost could be met by the school. To find out the numbers attending, it was decided to send out an invitation from the Parent Support Group to all parents (and guests? asking for a reply by the 10th October. Further information and price would be included in the invitation and parent volunteers for the children’s grades will collect the money. Volunteers to act as â€Å"Grade Representatives† were asked for and a list compiled. Those pa rents who volunteered to be grade representatives are listed on a separate page for your future reference. To assist these Parent Grade Representatives (PGR’s), it was proposed that, we all wear name badges at the BBQ, to help us get to know each other more easily.This was agreed and each badge would also show the grade of each parent’s child /children. It was agreed this, would help the Grade Representatives, in introducing new parents and students to those of us already part of the APIS family. The Parent Grade Representatives will be the first link of a support system for new parents. This was felt by everyone to be an excellent suggestion. The school has offered to set up equipment for children to play with and there was an offer of live music for the afternoon’s entertainment, which was readily accepted.A proposal that all letters to parents from the PSG should be translated into different languages was discussed at some length. Although, this would be very difficult to do, given the number of different nationalities now represented at the schools two campuses. Two parents volunteered to arrange translations for their language groups. Thai and Korean and our thanks were expressed for their help and support. Mr. Hakjune Kim will arrange translations for our Korean families and Khun Took will do the same for our Thai families.It was pointed out that some parents may be unable to arrange transport up to the main campus for the BBQ and it was suggested we ask for parents to offer any spare seats in their cars for the day. A possible pick up place would be the Kindergarten. This will be mentioned in the newsletter. It was also asked for, that future Newsletters from the PSG include committee members and contact details. This point raised the question for the PSG to formally elect a committee and this matter will be raised at a later meeting.International day – Ms. Holly Gardner came from the main campus to ask parents to begin think ing about the next International Day, which will be in January. School Uniform – Ms. Holly offered the idea of a scheme for passing on items of school uniform, that were in good condition, but which children had outgrown. Parents were asked to consider the ways in which such a scheme could be implemented. This would surely help those parents who operate an eco-friendly recycling program at home to go one step further.Finally and out of position in these minutes, with no apology as this is a very important matter. Road safety at the Kindergarten. Adjan Ladda has addressed this problem in part by arranging for a police officer to monitor and control vehicles stopping and obstructing the road. Everyone present was extremely pleased that, Adjan Ladda done this and gave her full support for her action and a very big thank you from all parents. It was agreed, that all parents can assist with this matter by obeying the police officer’s instructions regarding parking outside t he Kindergarten.A short walk from a sensibly parked car was thought by all at the meeting, to be a better way for parents to deliver or collect their children rather than a child being rushed to hospital seriously injured following an accident involving a dangerously parked car. There being no further matters for discussion at this time the meeting came to a close and everyone was thanked for attending and asked to come to a meeting next Wednesday 3rd October at the Kindergarten at 2:30pm to help finalize arrangements for the BBQ. Tim Brackley

Monsters from ID Essays - Freudian Psychology, Free Essays

Monsters from ID Essays - Freudian Psychology, Free Essays Monsters from ID Margaret Tarratt (from Film Genre Reader IV) 383 Although the majority of science fiction films appear to express some kind of concern with the moral state of contemporary society, many are more directly involved with an examination of our inner nature. This article will argue that these films are deeply involved with the concepts of Freudian psychoanalysis and seem in many cases to derive their structure from it. They may deal with society as a whole, but they arrive at social comment through a dramatization of the individuals anxiety about his or her own repressed sexual desires, which are incompatible with the morals of civilized life Freud Anxiety and Instinctual Life: The commonest cause of anxiety neurosis is unconsummated excitation. Libidinal excitation is aroused but not satisfied, not employed; apprehensiveness then appears instead of this libido that has been directed from its employment...What is responsible for anxiety in hysteria and other neurosis is the process of repression. 393 The conquest of the monster of the id is the structural raison detre of many science fiction films. There are also some science fiction films which, while based on psychoanalytical concepts, concern themselves with a variation on this theme. A number of them deal with impotence and frigidity. This group included such films as Spider Woman (Roy William Neill, 1944), Wasp Woman (Roger Corman, 1960), and the The Fly (Kurt Neumann, 1958), which explore insect phobia- fear of castration and dread of the phallic mother. One of the earliest science fiction films to look at the sexual nature of woman is James Whales The Bride of Frankenstein (1935). Frankenstein (Whale, 1931) itself provides a fairly straightforward example of the kind of film discussed earlier, which examines the tension between subconscious sexual desires and the mores of civilization. The Bride assumes a knowledge of the earlier film in its continued exploration of such secret desires.

How to Properly Clean Laboratory Glassware

How to Properly Clean Laboratory Glassware Cleaning laboratory glassware isnt as simple as washing the dishes. Heres how to wash your glassware so you wont ruin your chemical solution or laboratory experiment. The Basics Its generally easier to clean glassware if you do it right away. When a detergent is used, its usually one designed for lab glassware, such as Liquinox  or Alconox. These detergents are preferable to any dishwashing detergent that might be used on dishes at home. Usually, detergent and tap water are neither required nor desirable. You can rinse the glassware with the proper solvent, then finish up with a couple of rinses with distilled water, followed by final rinses with deionized water. Washing Out Common Chemicals Water Soluble Solutions  (e.g., sodium chloride or sucrose solutions): Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water, then put the glassware away.Water Insoluble Solutions  (e.g., solutions in hexane or chloroform): Rinse 2-3 times with ethanol or acetone, rinse 3-4 times with deionized water, then put the glassware away. In some situations, other solvents need to be used for the initial rinse.Strong Acids  (e.g., concentrated HCl or H2SO4): Under the fume hood, carefully rinse the glassware with copious volumes of tap water. Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water, then put the glassware away.Strong Bases  (e.g., 6M NaOH or concentrated NH4OH): Under the fume hood, carefully rinse the glassware with copious volumes of tap water. Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water, then put the glassware away.Weak Acids  (e.g., acetic acid solutions or dilutions of strong acids such as 0.1M or 1M HCl or H2SO4): Rinse 3-4 times with deionized water before putting the glassware away.Weak Bases  (e.g. , 0.1M and 1M NaOH and NH4OH): Rinse thoroughly with tap water to remove the base, then rinse 3-4 times with deionized water before putting the glassware away. Washing Special Glassware Glassware Used for Organic Chemistry Rinse the glassware with the appropriate solvent. Use deionized water for water-soluble contents. Use ethanol for ethanol-soluble contents, followed by rinses in deionized water. Rinse with other solvents as needed, followed by ethanol, and, finally, deionized water. If the glassware requires scrubbing, scrub with a brush using hot soapy water, rinse thoroughly with tap water, followed by rinses with deionized water. Burets Wash with hot soapy water, rinse thoroughly with tap water, then rinse 3-4 times with deionized water. Be sure the final rinses sheet off of the glass. Burets need to be thoroughly clean to be used for quantitative labwork. Pipets and Volumetric Flasks In some cases, you may need to soak the glassware overnight in soapy water. Clean pipets and volumetric flasks using warm soapy water. The glassware may require scrubbing with a brush. Rinse with tap water followed by 3-4 rinses with deionized water. Drying or Not Drying It is inadvisable to dry glassware with a paper towel or forced air since this can introduce fibers or impurities that can contaminate the solution. Normally you can allow glassware to air dry on the shelf. Otherwise, if you are adding water to the glassware, it is fine to leave it wet (unless it will affect the concentration of the final solution.) If the solvent will be ether, you can rinse the glassware with ethanol or acetone to remove the water, then rinse with the final solution to remove the alcohol or acetone. Rinsing with Reagent ​If water will affect the concentration of the final solution, triple rinse the glassware with the solution. Drying Glassware If glassware is to be used immediately after washing and must be dry, rinse it 2-3 times with acetone. This will remove any water and will evaporate quickly. While its not a great idea to blow air into glassware to dry it, sometimes you can apply a vacuum to evaporate the solvent. Additional Tips Remove stoppers and stopcocks when they are not in use. Otherwise, they may freeze in place.You can degrease ground glass joints by wiping them with a lint-free towel soaked with ether or acetone. Wear gloves and avoid breathing the fumes.The deionized water rinse should form a smooth sheet when poured through clean glassware. If this sheeting action is not seen, more aggressive cleaning methods may be needed.

Event analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Event analysis - Essay Example However, one evening the warehouses and storage manager forgot to switch-on the refrigerating system before installing fruits and vegetables which lead to spoilage. One possible solution to the problem is through the context of change management. Management change is currently one of major domains of organisational research, and the study of organisational change has become one of the major aspects in being able and helping to measure the organisation performance; efficiency and effectiveness. It is important to understand the extent to which formal changes in management systems and role prescriptions have resulted in change in work behaviour and job satisfaction experienced by personnel (Manser, 2004). It is thus essential, when attempting to assess the impact of formally espoused changes within an organisation, to examine the extent to which, and the way in which, managers have adapted new forms of work behaviour in accordance with the new managerial role perceptions. According to Waters (1996) ever since people started to work together to reach a common goal, operations management has been an important ingredient, but since the industrial revolution, it has grown most rapidly. Operations management is the tool behind the technical improvements that makes production efficient. It is the way to plan and organize how the technology and machinery will be utilized the most. The productivity in an organization depends on both the right technology and the right way to manage it (Waters, 1996). However, TQM can be a success or failure depending on how well it is planned, implemented, measured, and encouraged. Few would disagree that continuous improvement offers substantial benefits for manufacturers (McNamara, 1999). As a basic tenet of TQM, continuous improvement can enable manufacturers to meet the competitive pressures of the global economy head-on, and to develop strategies for

An empirical analysis of manufacturing overhead cost drivers Essay

An empirical analysis of manufacturing overhead cost drivers - Essay Example According to a Cornell University website, Gordon Potter is still with the School of Hotel Administration of the Cornell University. The same website revealed that Cornell has a PhD in Accounting from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, an M.S. in Accounting from the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, and a B.A. Economics from Rutgers College-Rutgers University. The economics background of Gordon Potter may partly explain why the research methodology employed by Banker et al. (1995) are similar to those used in economics or in econometrics. In Cornell University, Potter has been an Associate Professor since 1993 until today. However, Potter has taught at the University of Wisconsin from 1982 to 1986. His resume in the Cornell University website does not reflect a job description entry from 1986 to 1993, possibly indicating that he took his PhD schooling during the period. Potter’s 5-page resume in the Cornell University website indicates Potter’s numerous achievements that included authorship of several papers.Roger Schroeder is a distinguished author in a textbook called Operations Management. According to the website of the Sage Publication, the ISI has classified him as the most highly cited scholar in the world in the field of Operations Management. The Sage Publication also reported that he holds the Frank A. Donaldson Chair in Operations Management at the Carlson University School of Management of the University of Minnesota.... (1995) are similar to those used in economics or in econometrics. In Cornell University, Potter has been an Associate Professor since 1993 until today (no indication in the Cornell University website that he was promoted in the University of Cornell since 1993). However, Potter has taught in the University of Wisconsin from 1982 to 1986. His resume in the Cornell University website does not reflect a job description entry from 1986 to 1993, possibly indicating that he took his PhD schooling during the period. Potter’s 5-page resume in the Cornell University website indicates Potter’s numerous achievements that included authorship of several papers. Roger Schroeder is a distinguished author in a textbook called Operations Management. According to the website of the Sage Publication, the ISI has classified him as the most highly cited scholar in the world in the field of Operations Management. The Sage Publication also reported that he holds the Frank A. Donaldson Chair i n Operations Management at the Carlson University School of Management of the University of Minnesota. The Sage Publication website identified Schroeder as the author of over 100 articles in academic journals. The topic addressed by the work of Banker et al. (1995), overhead costs, is an important issue for manufacturers. This is indicated by the abundance of internet entries on the concern. A quick check on the internet indicates that there are at least 3.6 million entries on the worldwide web on the importance of reducing overhead costs for manufacturers. In 1995, during which the Banker et al. (1995) was published, overhead costs is one of the primary concern of manufacturers and manufacturers had

The Name of the Rose Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Name of the Rose Film - Movie Review Example The Apostolic poverty is a doctrine that emphasizes Christ's and the Apostles' absolute lack of possession and was strongly supported by the Franciscan religious order. The Dominicans opposed this doctrine and their views were upheld by the Pope John XXII who considered the poverty doctrine as subverting his authority (Harvey, 2004). At the same time, there was a great conflict between the Pope and the Bavarian Emperor Louis regarding the boundaries between religious and lay power and the Pope's claim to intervene on lay issues such as the Emperor's Coronation (Eco, 1983). This is, in brief, the historical setting of the film. According to the plot, the Franciscan friar William of Baskerville arrived in the Benedictine Abbey to participate in a meeting between the Pope's and the Emperor's delegates in an attempt to bring together the two opposite sides. His mission was to convey the views of the Emperor's theologists on the issue of Apostolic poverty and to ensure that there would be arrangements for a second meeting in Avignon, the Pope's court, where the Emperor's delegates would have the opportunity to express their views directly to the Pope. In my opinion, there is a twofold meaning hidden behind the deaths of the monks. First, all dead monks but Severinus worked in the library and their duty was to preserve and protect its content. However, their wish for knowledge became their death sentence. Adelmo killed himself out of shame after he had succumbed to Berengar's an ethical proposal with the exchange to have unlimited access to the library. Venantius, Berengar, and Malachi were poisoned because of their curiosity to read the secret book. Seeking for truth can be a dangerous path with dreadful consequences. Their lust for knowledge, their quest for truth in the writings of secular philosophers was a hubris, an insult to God, a doubt of Genesis, that yielded a fatal punishment. Man uses his intellect and skills to give meaning to his universe, to produce c ivilization, to obtain and convey knowledge and finally, in his quest for the ultimate cause of things, he is eliminated by the limitations of his own mortal, disposable nature. Death terminated the monks' curiosity and fire destroyed the library thus depriving humanity of a thesaurus of knowledge. What a great irony! It was the light that Adso held that caused the fire and eventually led to cultural and philosophical darkness. Second, William of Baskerville was particularly interested in Logic and based all his conclusions on deductive reasoning. However, he eventually realized that his investigation comprised of a series of false deductions that accidentally led to the right final conclusion.  

The Operation System Process Control Management Information Technology Essay

The Operation System Process Control Management Information Technology Essay In this Project, the project is divided into two sections. The first section is Operation System where process control management is selected as the research area. The first section consists of the investigation of what type of scheduling mechanism used in Window Vista and how Window Vista handles the process and thread. The internal system structure is also discussed in the first section. Besides that, different process algorithm will be identify and determine which process algorithm is the best. Lastly problem faced by process control management in Window Vista is also discussed. In the second section which is Computer System Architecture, Microprocessor have been chose n as the research area. Major trends affecting the microprocessor performance and design are identified and differences between microprocessor design goal for laptop. Server, desktop and embedded system will be discussed. Section1: Operation System-Process Control Management Introduction According to techterms.com, Operation System can be described as the program which allocates memory, processes tasks or instruction and serves as the user interfaces. In this document, Window Vista has been selected as the Operation System of the research. Types of scheduling mechanisms employed, creation and handling of process or thread and internal system structure Type of scheduling mechanism used in Window Vista Window Vista is one of the NT-Based operating created by Microsoft. The type of scheduling which NT-based operating system use is the Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ). Englander (2009) described MLFQ as an attempt to combine the several features of different algorithms such as First in First Out, Round robin and Priority algorithm. In Window vista, its uses the MLFQ with 32 priority level which were defined from 0 to 31.The priority 0 through 15 are categories as normal priority while priority 16 through 31 are categories as soft real time priorities which require privilege to assign a thread . Besides that, the priority level of a thread may be changed according to the input, output or the CPU usage. Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling main idea is to separate processes with different CPU-burst characteristic. In MLFQ, dispatcher will provide a number of queues with different priority. When a process is processed in queue 1 and requires a long time, it will be moved to queue 2 and waits for its turn to be processed again while all the process in queue 1 finish processed. This process will continue as much level as how many queues are provided by the dispatcher. In the last queue of MLFQ, it uses the Round Robin scheduling which will continue to provide time until the previous process is executed. However, when an input or output bound jobs occur, the kennels may change the priority level of the process and the process will be directed to the queue of the priority. There are also different factor which would affect MLFQ such as the number of queue, scheduling algorithm of each queue and method used to determine the priority level of the process. The diagram below show how a MLFQ function. CPU CPU P P P P CPU P P P P PNew Process Level 1 q=1 Level 2 q=2 Level N Q=2n (Figure Extracted from The Architecture of Computer Hardware and System Software, Drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Creation and handling of process or thread In the previous version of windows OS, the kernel scheduler had to make some unfair assumption regard tread execution time because the CPU cycle counters were not considered. For example, according to the diagram below, unfairness occur when two threads with same priority is ready to run at the same time. Thread a runs until the next time-slice internal expiration and the scheduler assume that it had run for the interval and its turn is finish .After that the thread B runs for a full interval. Threads A and B become ready to run Thread A Thread B Idle Interrupt Interval 1 Interval 2 (Figure Extracted from: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2007.02.vistakernel.aspx, Drawn by Yap Kient Loong) In Window Vista, in order to provide fairness, CPU cycle counting is introduced. The scheduler would use the cycle counter register to determine how may CPU cycles a thread proceeded and the scheduler would be able to figure out the turn on the CPU by estimating the number of cycle the CPU capable to execute in a clock interval. The scheduler would not keep track of the interrupt during thread a turns which mean a thread will always obtain a turn on the CPU which would provide greater fairness. The diagram below show that at least one time slices is given to both threads. Threads A and B become ready to run Thread A Thread B Idle Interrupt Interval 1 Interval 2 Interval 3 (Figure Extracted from http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2007.02.vistakernel.aspx, Drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Internal System Structure In the internal system structure of Vista, Window Vista uses MLFQ to process and execute the new process. In MLFQ, when a new process is entered into the dispatcher, the process is being processed in queue1 with the highest priority and if the quantum of the process is finished before it is executed, the process will be moved to the queue2 with lower priority and it will waits for its next turn after the processes in queue1 finish processed. This situation will keep on continue depending on the level of queue provided by the dispatcher and in the last queue, round robin algorithm is used to provide time until the process is complete. Besides that, the priority of the thread may be changed by the input/output and the CPU usage and the thread will be directed to the queue of the new priority. In window vista, when a thread is interrupted, cycle counter register will be used to determine that how much cycle a thread had processed after estimate number of cycle CPU executed in a clock in terval and the scheduler would not keep track of the interrupt and the thread will be able to obtain a turn on the CPU. Other Process Algorithm and determine which is the best Non-preemptive According to stargazer.bridport.edu (2011), non-preemptive algorithms are designed that once the process is allowed to process, it will not be removed from the processor until it has completed. First-in, first-out(FIFO) FIFO algorithm will assign the priority to processes in the order which they request the processor. The first process who requests the processor would be given the highest priority .However, FIFO scheduling is unfair because the short process would have to wait for the long process to be completed before it could be processed. Shortest job first(SJF) In SJF, the process is given priority according to the length of the next CPU burst of a process which means the lower burst time the higher priority of the process. The biggest advantages of this algorithm are that it is optimal and provide the minimum average time. Preemptive According to stargazer.bridport.edu (2011), preemptive algorithms are designed that the process with the highest priority should be using a processor. If a higher priority enters the queue, the process within the processor would be removed and return to the queue until it was the highest priority. Round Robin(RR) According to Englander (2009),Round robin is the simplest preemptive algorithm. RR provides each process a quantum of time, when the quantum of time of the process finish it will be return to the back of the queue and waits its turn. This process will continue until each process is completely processed. The diagram below had shown that SJF would have the shortest average turnaround time which means that Shortest Job First would be the best among the algorithm with the same burst time while First-In First Out would be the worst algorithm because it has the longest average turnaround time which is 13.4 Milliseconds. Type of algorithm FIFO SJF RR Waiting Time 48 Milliseconds 16 Milliseconds 29 Milliseconds Average Waiting Time 9.6 Milliseconds 3.2 Milliseconds 5.8 Milliseconds Turnaround Time 67 Milliseconds 35 Milliseconds 48 Milliseconds Average Turnaround Time 13.4 Milliseconds 7 Milliseconds 9.6 Milliseconds (Figure Source: Shanmugam, K. (2011). CPU Scheduling, Drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Problem faced using these techniques of process control management and solution used to overcome them Problem: Starvation In Window Vista, there are possible for starvation of MLFQ if new process continue to enter the queue. Starvation is a situation where a process is not given the CPU time for it to be executed. For example in MLFQ, when a process enter queue1, it was allowed to execute for 1 time unit and it was preempted to queue2.In queue2,the process is allowed to execute for 2 time unit and this situation keep on repeating until the process is fully executed. This has shown that when a process is preempted to the next queue, the process will receive more time unit and a longer process may still suffer from starvation. In order to solve this problem, the process should be promoted to a higher priority queue after the process has waited a long time to be executed. Conclusion (Operating System) In Conclusion, although there are different kind of algorithm, window Vista have selected Multilevel Feedback Queue to handle the process and thread because MLFQ have combined several features from FIFO, Round Robin and Priority algorithm. Besides that.in order to provide fairness, Vista had introduced CPU cycle counting had been introduced to ensure fairness of the process. Frequently Ask Question (FAQ) What is Starvation? Starvation is a situation where process is not given the CPU time for it to be executed. What is FIFO? First In, First Out is an algorithm which assign the priority to processes in the order which they request the processor. What is SJF? Shortest Job first is an algorithm where the process is given priority according to the length of the next CPU burst of a process. Limitation (Operation System) The FIFO process algorithm may cause delay or loss for real-time application because it treats all short or long process equally according to the order when they request the processor no matter of its priority. The round robin process algorithm assumes all process equally important. However for example, when three process starts at the same time and each process require 2 time slice. By comparing the result with FIFO, RR may require more time. Although RR is fair but it is inefficient. MFLQ process algorithm may provide fairness to the process by using CPU cycle counting .However longer process would still need to overcome problem such as Starvation. Section 2: Computer System Architecture Introduction According to webopedia.com, microprocessor is defined as a silicon chip which contains a central processing unit (CPU).Nowadays, microprocessor is widely used in our daily electronic devices because microprocessor is responsible for performing the instruction and function of a computer and manipulates the data from software and transfer information between hardware component such as keyboard and memory. The table below will show some of the trends which affect the performance and design of the microprocessor. Name Date Transistors Microns Clock Speed Data width MIPS 8080 1974 6,000 6 2 MHz 8 bits 0.64 8088 1979 29,000 3 5 MHz 16 bits 8-bit bus 0.33 80826 1982 134,000 1.5 6 MHz 16 bits 1 80386 1985 275,000 1.5 16 MHz 32 bits 5 80486 1989 1200,000 1 25 MHz 32 bits 20 Pentium 1993 3,100,000 0.8 60 MHz 32 bits 64-bitbus 100 Pentium II 1997 7,500,000 0.35 233 MHz 32 bits 64-bitbus ~300 Pentium III 1999 9,500,000 0.25 450 MHz 32 bits 64-bitbus ~510 Pentium 4 2000 42,000,000 0.18 1.5 GHz 32 bits 64-bitbus ~1,700 Pentium 4 Prescott 2004 125,000,000 0.09 3.6 GHz 32 bits 64-bitbus ~7,000 (Figure Source available from: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor1.htm, drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Major trends affecting microprocessors performance and design Pipelining According to techterm.com, pipelining can enable multiple instructions to be able to process at the same time. For example, in the past processor without pipelining is not capable to process two instructions at the same time. Pipelining enable the microprocessor to be able to fetch the second instruction while the microprocessor is decoding the first instruction. Pipelining also help to reduce the cycle time of the microprocessor which enhance the ability of the microprocessor to be able to fetch, decode and execute the instruction faster and more efficient. Clock Rate Another trend that was affecting the microprocessor is the Clock speed or clock rate. According to techterm.com, clock rate can be defined as the rate at which a processor can complete a processing cycle. This prove that microprocessor with a higher clock rate will be able to process an information faster. However, different element such as architectures of the processor, cache size and the speed of ram would also affect the clock rate of the processor. Transistors The number of transistor is also one of the important trends that affect the processor because transistor plays a huge role in transmitting the instruction. By increasing the number of transistor, the microprocessor would be able to perform better performance because the clock speed is increased. However, by increasing the number of transistor, more heat will be generated. Size Size of the processor has always been one of the trends that affect the design of the microprocessor. By reducing the size of the size of the microprocessor, it will allow the devices to be able to execute the instruction at higher clock rate. This is because by reducing the size, the circuit pathways are also reduced. Therefore, the processor would require less time to process the information and help to improve the process speed of the processor. However, maintaining the devices temperature would be difficult because the smaller the device, the hotter the temperature Multicore Multicore technologies have been one of the major trends which affect the design nowadays because the performance of the processor is greatly. According to Webpodia.com, Multicore is described as a type of architecture where a single physical processor contain more than or two core logic of processor. By using the multicore technology, the microprocessor would enable better multitasking and be able to process the information faster. This is because while the first instruction is being process, the second instruction will be processed by the other core which will help to increase the efficiently of the system. Differences between microprocessors design goal for laptops, servers, desktop and embedded system Microprocessor had been used widely in technology nowadays and has become one of technology which we would require. This is because microprocessor is required to execute and process the instruction from the user. However, microprocessor is also divided into few categories such as laptops microprocessor and server microprocessor to obtain the optimise performance. The table below will show the difference between the different kinds of microprocessor. Type of Microprocessor Desktop Laptop Server Embedded High Power Consumption Yes No No No Heat generated High Low Low Low Stability High High Highest High (Figure Differences between different Microprocessor, drawn by Yap Kient Loong) Desktop Microprocessor The main design goal of desktop microprocessor is to provide the maximum performance of the system to the user and keeping the power consumption in a reasonable limit. This microprocessor is also design to be able to handle high performances or complex application or program such as high graphical games and multimedia. Besides that, desktop microprocessors also enable better multi-tasking due to higher clock speed to increase the efficiency. Laptop Microprocessor The main design goal of laptop microprocessor is to enable the laptop consume less power and be able to run cooler compared to different type of microprocessor and enhance portability. This is because a laptop is not capable to fit large heat sinks just like a desktop and may cause uneasiness to the user due to the heat generated. Therefore the microprocessor should be able generate less heat which replaced the problem of large cooling system and enable the laptop to have a longer battery life. Server Microprocessor Server microprocessor main design goal is to be able to maximize the robustness of the server and availability and stability of the server. Besides that, a server microprocessor should also have low power consumption, less heat generated and capable to allocate the resources of processor for system cache. The main priority of the microprocessor is to be able to process and execute instruction fast in order to respond to the customers request quickly. Therefore the reliability and availability has become one of the most important factors to the design of the microprocessor nowadays. Embedded System Microprocessor Embedded System microprocessors are microprocessors which are embedded in automobile, industrial control system or medical field devices. Each of the devices would have its own function and require a microprocessor to process instruction. Due to the constraints on the size, power consumption and area usage of the microprocessor, the design of the microprocessor had been difficult to the designer. Therefore an embedded system microprocessors design goal should be able to consume less power and generate less heat in order to have the maximise performance of the devices. Conclusion In conclusion, there are a lot of trends which would affect the performance of the microprocessor. In order to fulfil the requirement of the user ,the design of the microprocessor have been modified through time in order to provide the best performance to the user such as the increase of transistor ,reduce the size of the microprocessor and new technology such as Multi-core technology. Each To fulfil the requirement of the user, microprocessor have been divided into different kind of microprocessor and each kind of microprocessor is designed with different goal and motive. Frequently Ask Question (FAQ) What is Microprocessor? Microprocessor is a silicon chip which contains a central processing unit which performs instruction and function of a computer. How Pipelining affect the microprocessor? Pipelining can enable multiple instructions to be able to process at the same time by the processor which can enhance the clock rate and performance. What is embedded system microprocessor? Embedded System microprocessors are microprocessors which are embedded in automobile, industrial control system or medical field devices which help to process instruction from the devices. Limitation (Computer System Architecture) The Microprocessor might get overheat after a long period of usage due to the static which pass through the transistor within the microprocessor. The speed of microprocessor is limited due to the transmission delay and heat build-up on the chip. Microprocessor is limited to do a one thing at a time with only a small amount of data. Although several microprocessors can be operated simultaneously, each processor is only capable to handle a small amount of data at one time. (3010 word)

Defying the Disney Image: The Testimony of Walt Disney Essay -- House

Walt Disney was born in 1890 to a woman named Seà ±ora Isabelle Zamora. His father, Elias, met Isabelle in California of that same year and the two carried on an affair that ended with the birth of Walt. Later, Elias brought the two back to Chicago, Illinois where Isabelle became a housekeeper for the Disney family. Walt was assimilated into the Disney household and treated as the biological son of Elias and Flora Disney. Isabelle was with the family for years, being passed on from the Elias and Flora household to the Walt and Lillian family years later (Eliot 152-157). This account of Walt Disney’s birth poses many questions about myths, legends, and rumours that encircled the life of the â€Å"man behind the mouse†. Biographies and documentaries attempt to give accurate chronicles of his life and delve into the mind of this genius. Even people who make a career of studying the man’s life can only make theories about his actions from oral descrip tions given by those who knew Disney personally. However, On Friday, October 24, 1947, Walt Disney testified in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and left his legacy on record for the entire world. While the testimony was documented and cannot be questioned, Disney’s motives for testifying, impact it had on his animated features, and how the ordeal affected his image are issues that are still scrutinised and debated. The strike of 1941 at the Disney Studios was one of the prime purposes for Disney’s testimony in front of HUAC years later. The problem is that historians cannot agree on the exact specifics of the strike. Leonard Mosley and Marc Eliot are two biographers who have both written versions of Disney’s life. The two biographies a... ... the animated feature film and brought entertainment to family audiences during the Great Depression and WWII, a dark time when American morale was low. This created an image of Disney that could never be ruined and to this day he still remains one of the most highly respected men in Hollywood. It is not common knowledge that Disney even played a part in the HUAC hearings, as it has been long forgotten in the chaos of honours he has achieved. Leonard Mosley, an acclaimed historian, even left his cowardly testimony out of the biography. However, Disney’s testimony is documented and will always be available to critics searching for the truth about the man Disney really was. Works Cited Eliot, Marc. Walt Disney: Hollywood’s Dark Prince. Great Britain: Andre Deutsch Limited, 1994. Mosley, Leonard. Disney’s World. Lanham, MD: Scarborough Press, 1985.

Effective ways of teaching method Essay

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various teaching methods used for teaching students at secondary level, i search about perceptions of best and effective teaching methods and the reason for that. I searched that most of the students rated lecture method as the best teaching method. Becuse of the teacher provides all knowledge related to topic, time saving, students attentively listen lecture and take notes. The group discussion was the second best method of teaching because of more participation of students, the learning is more effective, the students don’t have to rely on rote learning, and this method develops creativity among students. To make an effective learning methods first Remember that your students are supposed to be the beneficiaries of your communication. Don’t make too many assumptions about your students. â€Å" This Research indicates also that students are the most qualified sources to report on the extent to which the learning experience was productive, informative, satisfying, or worthwhile. While opinions on these matters are not direct measures of teacher’s effectiveness, they are legitimate indicators of student satisfaction, and there is substantial research linking student satisfaction to effective teaching. This research aim to tell you some methods on how the student may learned through effective learning strategies that the teacher may use. Teaching strategies refer to methods used to help students learn the desired course contents and be able to develop achievable goals in the future. Teaching strategies identify the different available learning methods to enable them to develop the right strategy to deal with the target group identified. Assessment of the learning capabilities of students provides a key pillar in development of a successful teaching strategy. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. BOOKS Danielson, Charlotte – Path ways to teaching series Merrill/Pearson,2010 – Education Frey, Nancy phD – the effective teacher’s guide M. E. S. ELIZABETH – methods of teaching english English language – 2004 B. INTERNET Clas. web. nthu. edu. tw/esfiles Effective teaching methods I. INTRODUCTION II. BODY OF CONTENT A. Why is it important ? B. Teaching Methods b1. Lecture Methods b2. Discussion Methods b3. Role Play b4. Case Study b5. Brain Storming b6. Assignment Methods IV. RECOMENDATION V. BIBLIOGRAPHY EFFECTIVE WAYS OF TEACHING METHODS AT SECONDARY LEVEL. II. Why is it important ? Teaching is extraordinarily important, complex, and demanding work,and a teacher’s workday consists of making hundreds of decisions that promote high-level student learning. The work is and should be daunting. Grounded and concise, this first edition text provides readers with theory-based practices that will illuminate the art and craft of teaching. The literature on teaching is crammed full of well researched ways that teachers can present content and skills that will enhance the opportunities for students to learn. It is equally filled with suggestions of what not to do in the classroom. However, there is no rule book on which teaching methods match up best to which skills and/or content that is being taught. Students often have little expertise in knowing if the method selected by an individual instructor was the best teaching method or just â€Å"a method† or simply the method with which the teacher was most comfortable. There is much debate within the higher education community on how teaching or teaching effectiveness may be defined that is why this kind of research is important for them to have an idea how they will be able to conduct an effective teaching methods for their student. III. TEACHING METHODS LECTURE METHOD Lecture Method: A lecture is a talk or verbal presentation given by a lecturer,trainer or speaker to an audience. With all the advancement of training systems and computer technology, lecture method is still a backbone widely used in teaching and training at higher level of education. This method is economical, can be used for a large number of students, material can be covered in a structured manner and the teacher has a great control of time and material. A study conducted by Benson, L. , Schroeder, P. , Lantz, C. , and Bird, M (n. d. ). provides evidence that students may place greater emphasis on lecture material than on textbooks. Lecturing is not simply a matter of standing in front of a class and reciting what you know. The classroom lecture is a special form of communication in which voice, gesture, movement, facial expression, and eye contact can either complement or detract from the content. Teaching Methods† stated strengths of lecture method that it presents factual material in direct, logical manner, contains experience which inspires, stimulates thinking to open discussion, and useful for large groups. Our findings also revealed that most of the students considered lecture as best method because according to opinion of students it creates new ideas, it is good for large class, develops creativity among students, teacher is experienced and has mastery on subject, explain all points and can answer all questions by students. Lecture gives the pupils training in listening and taking rapid notes. For Improving Lecture Methods. †¢ Lecture material should be stimulating and thought provoking. †¢ Information should be delivered dramatically by using example to make it memorable. †¢ The teacher needs to use questions throughout the lecture to involve students in the learning process and to check their comprehension. †¢ Reinforce learning by using visual supports like transparencies, flip charts, whiteboard/ black board etc. †¢ Teacher should take feedback of students to improve lecture meth †¢ DISCUSSION It is a free verbal exchange of ideas between group members or teacher and students. For effective discussion the students should have prior knowledge and information about the topic to be discussed. discussion as, pools ideas and experiences from group, an allows everyone to participate in an active process. Our study also revealed that the students rated group discussion (class discussion) as the second best method by giving reasons that; it has more participation of students, the learning is more effective, the students don’t have to rely on rote learning, every student give his/ her opinion, and this method develops creativity among students. For Improving Discussion Methods †¢ The teacher should spend sufficient time in preparing the process and steps of discussion. †¢ Different aspects of the topic and the parameters should be selected for the focused discussion. †¢ Sufficient time should be allotted to discuss all the issues. At the same time students should know the time limit to reach a conclusion. †¢ The teacher in the beginning should introduce the topic, the purpose of discussion, and the students participating in discussion. †¢ Before the start of discussion, background information about the topic should be provided. †¢ There is a need to include questions to provide direction. †¢ Relaxed environment should be created to foster the process of discussion †¢ Teacher after opening the discussion should play the role of a facilitator involving every one and at the end should summarize the discussion. †¢ Encourage students listen other’s point of view and then evaluate their own. †¢ Teacher should give value to all students’ opinions and try not to allow his/her own difference of opinion, prevent communication and debate. †¢ROLE PLAY occurs when participants take on differentiated roles in a simulation. These may be highly prescribed, including biographical details, and even personality, attitudes and beliefs; or loosely indicated by an outline of the function or task. These techniques have already demonstrated their applicability to a wide range of learners, subjects and levels. It is a memorable and enjoyable learning method. To gain maximum benefits from this method, the incidents selected for enactment should be as realistic as the situation allows. For Improving Role Play Method Before the role play, the teacher should brief participants about the roles they will play, give them time for preparation, confirm confidentiality of role play, and ask participants to behave naturally. †¢ Teacher should select ; brief observers about their roles. †¢ During the role play, the teacher must keep quiet, listen ; take notes, avoid cutting role play short, but give time warning if previously agreed. The teacher should be prepared for some action if participants dry up and can intervene as a last resort. †¢ After the role play, the teacher thanks participants, ask for feed back from lead participants, take comments from observers, ask other participants to comment, †¢ The teacher should use role names not those of participants, summarize, drawing out learning points, leaving the participants with positive comments and feelings. †¢CASE STUDY Primarily developed in business and law contexts, case method teaching can be productively used in liberal arts, engineering, and education. This method is basically used to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, as well as to present students with real-life situations. The students are presented with a record set of circumstances based on actual event or an imaginary situation and they are asked, -to diagnose particular problem only. -to diagnose problem ; provide solution. -to give reasons ; implications of action after providing both problem ; solution. It is a time consuming method and sometimes the case does not actually provide real experience. It could be in-conclusive, and insufficient information can lead to inappropriate results. At the end, the students want to know the right answer by the teacher. The role of the teacher in conducting the case study should be to, -read the case and determine the key problems faced by the decision maker, -determine the data required to analyze the problems and for a synthesis into solutions, -develop, analyze, and compare alternative solutions, and recommend a course of action. For Improving Case Study Methods †¢ Cases should be brief, well-written, reflect real issues, and open to a number of conflicting responses. †¢ Students should work in group to prepare a written report and/or a formal presentation of the case. †¢BRAINSTORMING It is a loosely structured form of discussion for generating ideas without participants embroiled in unproductive analysis. It is a very useful technique for problem solving, decision making, creative thinking and team building. It develops listening skills. For Improving Brainstorming Method Ground rules for running brainstorming Methods: †¢ There should be no criticism and the wild ideas should be encouraged and recorded without evaluation. †¢ Emphasis should be placed on quantity of ideas and not the quality. †¢ There is a need of equal participation of members. †¢ It can be unfocused so teacher should know how to control discussion and facilitate issues. †¢ It works well in small group. †¢ASSIGNMENT METHOD Written assignments help in organization of knowledge, assimilation of facts and better preparation of examinations. It emphasizes on individual pupil work and the method that helps both teaching and learning processes, For Improving Assignment Method †¢ Teacher should describe the parameters of the topic of assignment. †¢ Fully explain assignments so that students know how to best prepare. When the inevitable question, â€Å"Will we be tested on this? † arises, make sure your answer includes not only a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no,† but a â€Å"because . . . †¢ Davis (1993) suggests that â€Å"Give assignments and exams that recognize students’ diverse backgrounds and special interests. For example, a faculty member teaching a course on medical and health training offered students a variety of topics for their term papers, including one on alternative healing belief systems. A faculty member in the social sciences gave students an assignment asking them to compare female-only, male-only, and male-female work groups. † IV. RECOMENDATION †¢PARENT To evaluate teaching effectiveness different methods can be used including peer review, self-evaluation, teaching portfolios, it can also be done in home in the youngest children , to prepare for schooling. †¢STUDENTS student achievement and students’ ratings of teaching methods used by their teachers. students provide anonymous feedback at the end of each course they complete, faculty and will be used to improve the teaching and learning in the course otherwise they are unlikely to take the rating process seriously †¢TEACHERS Teachers need to educate students in effective ways of giving precise feedback that addresses specific aspects of their learning experience. Teachers need to continually assure students throughout the semester that the ratings will be used for productive changes in teaching/ learning process and that there will be no chance of retribution to the students.